พ.ศ. 2488 มัวริสได้รับการแต่งตั้งให้เป็นผู้อำนวยการสถาบันวิจัยทางด้านคำนวณ (Mathemetical Laboratory) ซึ่งต่อมาภายหลังสถาบันนี้ได้เปลี่ยนมาเป็น คณะคอมพิวเตอร์ (Computer Laboratory) ของมหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์ ซึ่งเป็นที่แรกในโลกที่เริ่มทำการเรียนการสอนด้านคอมพิวเตอร์ สาเหตุที่คณะคอมพิวเตอร์เป็นอิสระออกมาได้ เพราะสมัยที่เป็นสถาบันวิจัยทางด้านการคำนวณนั้น เป็นแหล่งกำเนิดพื้นฐานของคอมพิวเตอร์พอสมควร (เช่น ทฤษฏีทัวริ่ง, เครื่อง Differential Analyser ของแบบเบจ หรือ ภาษาเครื่องของเอดา) อีกทั้งในยุคของมัวริส สามารถนำทฤษฏีเหล่านี้มาประยุกต์สร้างเครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์แบบเก็บโปรแกรมได้ (stored program computer) คือมีหน่วยความจำ (memory) สำเร็จเป็นเครื่องแรกของโลกชื่อ EDSAC ในปี พ.ศ. 2492
พ.ศ. 2494 มัวริสนำเสนอชุดข้อมูลขนาดเล็ก (microprogram) ให้หน่วยประมวลผลกลาง สามารถนำชุดข้อมูลในหน่วยความจำแบบรอมออกมาให้เรียกใช้ทำงานได้รวดเร็วขึ้นใน EDSAC II และถัดมาก็นำเสนอเครื่อง Titan ซึ่งมีระบบปฏิบัติการแบบแบ่งเวลา (time-sharing) ซึ่งสามารถจำรหัสของผู้ใช้แต่ละคนได้ซึ่งกลายมาเป็นพื้นฐานของการเข้ารหัสในระบบ UNIX (Multi-users Operating System) นอกจากนี้ มัวริสยังมีส่วนในโครงสร้างพื้นฐานของภาษาโปรแกรมระดับสูง เช่นนำเสนอหลักการใช้สัญลักษณ์, Macro, Subroutines และ Libraries ในหนังสือ "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers"
พ.ศ. 2499 ได้รับการแต่งตั้งให้เป็น Fellow ของราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (Royal Society)
พ.ศ. 2510 ได้รับรางวัลทัวริ่ง (Turing Award)
พ.ศ. 2522 นำเสนอ A Swiss data network ซึ่งเป็นการวางระบบเครือข่ายแบบวงแหวน (ring topology network) เพื่อการแชร์อุปกรณ์คอมพิวเตอร์ในเครือข่าย และเริ่มนำออกเผยแพร่ทั่วประเทศอังกฤษ
พ.ศ. 2523 เกษียณอายุการทำงานในขณะที่ดำรงตำแหน่งเป็น อธิการบดีคณะคอมพิวเตอร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์
พ.ศ. 2543 ได้รับการแต่งตั้งเป็นอัศวิน (Knight)
พ.ศ. 2545 ได้รับเชิญให้กลับมาเป็นศาสตราจารย์พิเศษ (Emeritus Professor) ให้คณะคอมพิวเตอร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์
Maurice Vincent Wilkes
Sir Maurice Vincent Wilkes FRS (born June 26 , 1913 in Dudley , Staffordshire , England ) is a British computer scientist , credited with several important developments in computing .
Wilkes studied at St. John's College , Cambridge from 1931 to 1934, continuing to complete a Ph.D. in physics , on the topic of radio propagation of very long radio waves in the ionosphere in 1936. He was appointed to a junior faculty position of the University of Cambridge through which he was involved in the establishment of a computing laboratory.
Wilkes was called up for military service during WWII and worked on radar at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), and in operational research .
In 1945, he was appointed as the second director of the University of Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory (later known as the Computer Laboratory).
The Cambridge laboratory initially had many different computing devices, including a differential analyser . Wilkes obtained a copy of John von Neumann 's prepress description of the EDVAC , a successor to the ENIAC under construction by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering . He had to read it overnight because he had to return it and no photocopy facilities existed. He decided immediately that this was the way computing must proceed.
In August 1946 Wilkes traveled by boat to the United States to enroll in the Moore School Lectures , of which he was only able to attend the final two weeks because of various travel delays. During his time in the United States he visited all of the relevant American sites of computing progress and became intimately familiar with the ENIAC, for a while even living next door to Mauchly on Philadelphia's St. Marks Street.
Since his laboratory had its own funding, he was immediately able to start work on a small practical machine, the EDSAC , once back at Cambridge. He decided that his mandate was not to invent a better computer, but simply to make one available to the university. Therefore his approach was relentlessly practical. He used only proven methods for constructing each part of the computer. The resulting computer was slower and smaller than other planned contemporary computers. However, his laboratory's computer was the first practical stored program computer to be completed, and operated successfully from May 1949.
In 1951, he developed the concept of microprogramming from the realisation that the Central Processing Unit of a computer could be controlled by a miniature, highly specialised computer program in high-speed ROM . This concept greatly simplified CPU development. Microprogramming was first described at the Manchester University Computer Inaugural Conference in 1951, then published in expanded form in IEEE Spectrum in 1955. This concept was implemented in EDSAC 2, which also used multiple identical "bit slices" to simplify design. Interchangeable, replaceable tube assemblies were used for each bit of the processor. This was extremely advanced for the time.
The next computer for his laboratory was the Titan , a joint venture with Ferranti Ltd. It eventually supported the UK 's first time-sharing system and provided wider access to computing resources in the university, including time-shared graphics systems for mechanical CAD .
A notable design feature of the Titan's operating system was that it provided controlled access based on the identity of the program, as well as or instead of, the identity of the user. It introduced the password encryption system used later by Unix . Its programming system also had an early version control system.
Wilkes is also credited with the idea of symbolic labels, macros , and subroutine libraries. These are fundamental developments that made programming much easier and paved the way for high-level programming languages .
Later, Wilkes worked on an early timesharing systems (now termed a multi-user operating system) and distributed computing .
In 1956 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society .
He was a founder member of the British Computer Society (BCS) and its first president (1957-1960).
Wilkes received the Turing Award in 1967, with the following citation:
Professor Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with Wheeler and Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced.In 1968 he received the Harry H. Goode Memorial Award , with the following citation:
For his many original achievements in the computer field, both in engineering and software, and for his contributions to the growth of professional society activities and to international cooperation among computer professionals.
Toward the end of the 1960s, Wilkes also became interested in capability-based computing, and the laboratory assembled a unique computer, the Cambridge CAP.
In 1974 Wilkes encountered a Swiss data network (at Hasler AG) that used a ring topology to allocate time on the network. The laboratory initially used a prototype to share peripherals. Eventually, commercial partnerships were formed, and similar technology became widely available in England.
In 1980 he retired from his professorships and post as the Head of the laboratory and joined the central engineering staff of Digital Equipment Corporation in Maynard, Massachusetts .
In 1986 Wilkes returned to England, and became a member of Olivetti's Research Strategy Board. In 1993 Wilkes was presented, by Cambridge University, an honorary Doctor of Science degree. In 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery . He was knighted in the 2000 New Year Honours List. In 2002, Wilkes moved back to the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, as an Emeritus Professor.
Wilkes is reputed to have said, "I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs."
A Short Introduction to Numerical Analysis. Cambridge University Press, 1966, reprinted 1971. ISBN 0-521-09412-7 paperack; ISBN 0-521-06806-1 clothbound.
Time-sharing Computer Systems. Elsevier, 1975. ISBN 0-444-19525-4
Memoirs of a Computer Pioneer. The MIT Press. 1985. ISBN 0-262-23122-0
